There is gorilla super glue loctite glass super glue or e 6000 2oz clear industrial strength glue.
How to glue colored glass to front door.
The discussion you entered was for a ceramic plate to brass base.
Apply additional coats if you wish for great opacity.
This kind of bond would require a hard solid bond.
I agree e6000 would no be a good glue for this application.
The veneer will contract and expand on an ongoing basis which will stress the glue bond to the point of certain early failure.
Apply a thin coat of the spray paint and let it dry.
You glue handles on a wine glass with glue.
It does the job without the expense of two part epoxy.
For that i would either leave it for cold weather or run an ice cube over it and then cut with a razor and scrape the stuff off the glass.
It sounds like you may have a different problem and that the adhesive holding the glass to the frame is squeezing out onto the glass.
These basic glues are fine but the best adhesive or bonding agent for glass is known as an epoxy.
In both cases an application with either of these glues requires clamp pressure on all surfaces while the glue reaches initial cure.
Any two part epoxy would work.
Epoxy is made to use for almost any surface.